How Do Environmental Taxation and Green Bonds Contribute to the Transition to a More Sustainable Economy?

This paper seeks to analyze the relationships between a set of variables (R&D expenditure and CO2 emissions) and the evolution of green taxes (GT) and green bond issuance (GB) for a set of countries over a given period. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the behavior of these variables and determine relationships and associations between them, as observed in the evolution of the data and in the theoretical framework consulted. To this end, the proposed methodology consists of two groups of analyses. In the first, a correlational analysis of the variables to be studied will be performed, comparing their evolution in different countries with each other and defining their behavior according to the theoretical framework consulted. The second section proposes a set of econometric models that seek to describe the relationships of the previously studied variables using a fixed-effects panel data model.