Are Smart Destinations Really Smart? Evidence from an International Comparative Study

This research investigates whether smart destinations genuinely represent innovative approaches to tourism development. Based on a comparative case study of Florianópolis (Brazil), Málaga (Spain), and Nice (France), the study explores how these destinations integrate digital technologies, governance, and stakeholder collaboration to promote sustainability. Findings highlight that technology alone does not define a smart destination; rather, its meaningful integration within co-creative, service-oriented ecosystems is crucial. While governance structures vary significantly across the cases, successful smart destinations rely more on collective learning and agile territorial management than on digital infrastructure. The study draws on theories of innovation ecosystems and territorial intelligence to reveal that the transformative potential of smart destinations lies in their ability to foster shared value, inclusivity, and long-term resilience.