Healthcare Innovation: From Bioclusters to Hospitals – What Continuum?

Strongly inspired by the Silicon Valley model, the innovation cluster has led to numerous initiatives aimed at bringing together laboratories, companies and training establishments in the same area and around the same project. This is particularly true of the biotechnology clusters created at the end of the 1990s and studied in this thesis, which reveal a more nuanced reality of interactions between science and industry, going beyond the idea that geographical proximity mechanically favours innovation. This research has been extended by more recent investigations into innovations in oncology in the context of precision medicine and the dynamics of industrialisation between hospitals and the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this paper is therefore to follow the itinerary of healthcare innovations in different intermediation mechanisms between science and industry: from bioclusters to clinical trials in French hospitals.