The aim of this paper is to analyze the production capacities of technological knowledge and to try to understand the reasons why the learning dynamic is blocked in Algeria. To do this, we use the concept of National Innovation System (NIS) – despite its application limits – because it allows on the one hand, to better understand the process and the interventions of actors at the origin of technical progress, and on the other hand, to clarify the countries’ strategies of economic development. The first results obtained in our study show that the legal framework and the institutional structure of research and research and development (R&D) are not far from those of developed economies. However in the facts, this trend does not seem to be reflected in the indicators of technological and scientific performance in Algeria.JEL Codes: O31, O32, O38