In an uncertain economic context, the electric car represents a new field of innovation marked by the development of economic models based on a shared use, but also on the increasing importance of technologies linked to smart grids. Beyond technological aspects, we attempt to replace the vehicle and its battery in an institutional dimension that integrates the relative complexity with the rights of ownership of these new models. To better illustrate these challenges, a comparison between Better Place and Tesla Motors models will allow the retrieval of several lessons from their respective strategies, notably, the taking into account of innovation as a common good. JEL Codes: L91, L94, O31, O32, 033