French regions claim a major role in in terms of economic action and innovation. This article first examines this claim with regard to the extent of their expertise. It then tries to determine the capacity for effective action in the regions through an analysis of budgets dedicated to economic development and innovation. This data is then put in perspective with the domestic research and development expenditure observed in the entire region. In conclusion, a group of volunteer regions emerges, faced with a group of regions that can be considered “innovation leaders”, despite the absence of a proactive regional institution.