The remark of Joan Robinson concerning the deliberately protectionist policy of great economic and military powers is dramatically actual. When economists agree on the question of the "globalisation", the "new mercantilism" finds expression in statutory measures of protection, and less by the game of tariff means. The result verifies the historical tendency of capitalism: underdevelopment is the product of development and of markets expansion organised, in the interest of big firms, by states' intervention. Their action is justified by a threefold objective: markets opening, elimination of the obstacles to free circulation and valorisation of capital coming from their economies, reducing of the risk of surplus turnover.